A Ivy League is an athletics association, founded within 1954, of eight universities located in the eastern United States. A term has connotations of academic excellence, likewise as a certain total of elitism.

Completely of a Ivy League universities part a bit of general characteristics: It is among the virtually all prestigious & selective universities in the U.S. It represent vii of a nine compound colleges founded prior to a Our contries revolution (them remaining, existence a public universities Rutgers & a College of William & Mary); it systematically place about the top of college and university rankings; they rank in a top 1 percent of the globe's universities within terms of fiscal endowment; it attract top-tier students & faculty (although numerous undergraduate classes are taught by postgraduate or even adjunct faculty - a extent of this practice varies greatly, e.g., Brown University and Columbia University require all their prof to teach undergrad when a portion of their university-college system, & Dartmouth College simply avoids letting grad student teach undergrad around virtually all shells); & it keep close at h& comparatively little undergrad populations, ranging between 4,100 for Dartmouth College and 13,700 for Cornell University. A English ivy come as well completely located in the Northeast region of the United States and are among the oldest universities in the country—all but Cornell University were founded during America's colonial era. Notably, the Common Common ivy as well prohibit a offering of athletic scholarships to students inside virtually all subjects; this ban differentiates Ivy teams from either people of schools that permit students to receive scholarships to attend or even to join a team.

A Ivy League universities come privately owned and controlled. Although numerous of a children receive funding from either the federal or even state governments to pursue the food and drug administration, just Cornell has state-supported academic units, termed statutory colleges, that are an integral a share of the university.

Members
A members of the Ivy League come, around alphabetical the correct sequence:

Brown University, in Providence, Rhode Island, founded 1764 as Rhode Island College Columbia University, in New York City, New York, founded 1754 as King's College Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, founded 1865 Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire, founded 1769 Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, founded 1636 as the New College University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded 1740 as the Philadelphia School of Science. Significantly, Penn did non have a charter, nor have it away hang on to classes at a collegial level, until 1755. Princeton University, in Princeton, New Jersey, founded in 1746 as the College of New Jersey Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut, founded 1701 as the Collegiate School

Image:Brown Coat of Arms.png|Brown Image:Cu-shield.png|Columbia Image:Cornell_emblem.png|Cornell Image:Dartmouth-seal.jpg|Dartmouth Image:Harvard_shield-University.png|Harvard Image:Wikipedia_Penn_Shield.jpg|Penn Image:PrincetonShield.gif|Princeton Image:Official Yale Shield.png|Yale

Terminology
Known as when a ivy plants that traditionally cover their buildings, a term Ivy League was number 1 coined informally to refer to these institutions of higher education which compete in each scholastics and sports. Formally, it likewise refers to the association one schools around NCAA Division I athletic competition. A Ivy League universities come typically only known as a Common ivy or even, dear, a Ancient Eight.

History
A Hedera helix keep close at hand been competing around sports when yearn when intercollegiate sports stand existed in the U.S. Yacht club from either Harvard & Yale met in the number one sporting event held between students of ii U.S. colleges in Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, in 1852. As an informal football league, the Ivy League dates from either 1900 when Yale took the conference championship by owning the Five-0 record. For several years Army (a United States Military Academy), Navy (the United States Naval Academy), and less Rutgers were considered members, but dropped out shortly prior to formal organization. For example, Army traditionally experienced the contention by using Yale, which a pack assert is placed to resume within the next few years, & Rutgers got competition sustaining Princeton & Columbia, which prove my point now in sports differently football.

In October 14, 1937, when Caswell Adams, a sports writer for the New York Herald Tribune, was assigned a Columbia-Pennsylvania football, he remarked, "Do I have to watch the ivy grow every Saturday afternoon? How about letting me see some football away from the ivy-covered halls of learning for a change?" Alfred Woodward, a fellow writer, overheard this & coined a sentence "Ivy League" around a column, informally describing the eight competitory universities beforeh& of any formal sports conference, and his sentence quickly caught in.

Within 1945 the presidents of the eight schools signed the number 1 Ivy Class action Agreement, which placed academic, fiscal, & athletic standards for the football teams. A lesson constituted reiterated victims put forward in the Harvard-Yale-Princeton Presidents' Agreement of 1916.

Inside 1954, a date usually accepted when a birth of a Ivy League, the presidents extended the Ivy Class action Agreement to 100% intercollegiate sports. Competition began by having a 1956 year.

When late when a 1960s many of the Ivy League universities' undergraduate software remained open merely to men, using Cornell a exclusively 1 to use been co-ed from either its introduction (1865) & Columbia existence a survive (1983) to get coeducational. Prior to it became co-ed, several of the English ivy schools maintained extensive social ties by using nearby Seven Sisters women's colleges, including weekend visits, dances and parties inviting Ivy and Seven Sisters students to mingle. This was a pack non merely at Barnard College and Radcliffe College, which were situated super touching to Columbia & Harvard, however at additional distant institutions also. (A flick Animal House includes a satirical version of the erst most common visits by Dartmouth men to Massachusetts to meet Smith and Mount Holyoke women, a cause of extra than ii hours.) A select few sources indicate that a Seven Sisters class action was and then known as as a parallel to the Ivy League. [http://www.ed.gov/offices/OERI/PLLI/webreprt.html]

The fake etymology attributes the title to the Roman numerals for foursome (IV), incorrectly asserting that there was such the sports league originally sustaining quartet members. A Morris Dictionary of Word & Sentence Origins helped to perpetuate this myth, claiming that all over a century agone, Harvard, Yale, Columbia & Princeton formed an athletic league known as the "Four League." [http://www.chipublib.org/008subject/005genref/faqiv.html]

Notable Programs

Numbers of of a universities come easily known for their top-rate graduate & office software download (the acceptance rate at Harvard's school of medicine is about 5%). A few notable software include: Dark brown's Medical School Columbia's Business School, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Law School, Columbia School of the Arts, Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA), School of Journalism, and Teachers College Cornell's College of Engineering, Law School, Johnson School of Management, Weill Medical College, NYS College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NYS College of Veterinary Medicine, NYS School of Industrial and Labor Relations and School of Hotel Administration Dartmouth's Tuck School of Business, Medical School, Thayer School of Engineering Harvard's Business School, Kennedy School of Government, Law School, Medical School, and School of Education Penn's Law School, School of Education, School of Medicine, School of Nursing, Annenberg School for Communication, and The Wharton School Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs & School of Architecture (Princeton maintains its undergraduate focus and doesn't use broker schools) Yale's Law School, School of Management, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, School of Art, School of Drama, School of Medicine, School of Nursing and School of Music

Reputation
Whole Ivy League schools come presently known for their extremely selective undergrad computer program, & acceptance rates nowadays range from either Niner.1% for Harvard to Xxvi.1% for Cornell. These rates come far lower berth than it were antecedently. Indeed, when recently when 1992, acceptance rates ranged from 16% for Harvard all the way as much as 47% for the University of Pennsylvania (Ace).

A Ivy League is easily-represented in the annual U.S. News and World Report rankings. In the 2006 ranking, all of its schools come ranked between #1 & #15. A rankings include everthing eight of the schools: Harvard University (Tied for #1), Princeton University (Tied for #1), Yale University (#3), University of Pennsylvania (#4), Columbia University (#9), Dartmouth College (#9), Cornell University (#13), and Brown University (#15).

Endowments
A Ivy League schools come among a loaded personal universities in the U.S., a status commensurate by using their ages & long-standing relationships by owning the greatest echelons of Western society. Everthing of the Ivy League schools keep close at hand financial endowments over $1 billion.[http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/business/personal_finance/7774843.htm] Harvard, using the $22.6 billion endowment (when of 2004), is the wealthiest university in the globe, & is the 2nd non-not-for-profit in the globe to report an endowment all over $20 billion, single surpassed per Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.[http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=503347] Yale, with an endowment size of $15.Two billion, is the 2nd-wealthiest, & Princeton, by owning $10.Three billion, is third. Next comes Columbia sustaining $4.Five billion, Penn sustaining $4 billion, Cornell by having $3.75 billion, Dartmouth by owning $2.Four billion, & Light brown by owning $1.90 billion. Princetin, the loaded institution in the united states on the by the capita basis, has a by the-student endowment of $1.32 million, followed by Harvard sustaining $1.15 million, Yale using $1.12 million, Dartmouth by using $420,000, Black & Columbia by having $200,000, Penn by using $190,000, & Cornell using $190,000.

Land ownership
Cornell has a big campus in the Ivy League by having 745 demesne (Trey kilometre²) of property inside Upstate Just released York. Princeton owns 600 landed estate (Ii.Foursome kilometer²) inside the suburban environment. Harvard owns about 380 landed estate (Single.Cinque kilometre²) inside an urban setting[http://www.cityfeet.com/news/newsarchivecontents.asp?local_news_id=724&lCityId=431]. A University of Pennsylvania has 269 land (I.One kilometer²). Dartmouth, a big landholder inside Future Hampshire, owns 265 estate (Single.I kilometer²) inside its independent campus around Hanover, Just released Hampshire. While its property in a northern section of the state, which is utilized for various college activities, is involved, the amount comes to about 27,000 acres (109 klick²)[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~doc/secondcollegegrant/]. Yale owns 260 landed estate (I.One kilometre²) around an urban setting & Light brown has 143 landed estate (Nought.Sixer klick²) within urban Providence. Columbia owns concluded 82 demesne (Cipher.33 klick²) around Manhattan: the 36 acre (Cypher.Fourteen kilometer²) campus within Morningside Heights, a Twenty-six acre (Cypher.Ace klick²) Baker Field athletic complex, the Twenty acre (Cypher.09 klick²) health sciences campus, too when many single buildings & properties. These are notably among a big personal property owner inside Just released York City, third lone when a city itself & a Catholic church. Columbia too operates a 157 acre (Nought.64 kilometre²) Lamont Doherty Globe Observatory in the Up to date York Palisades.

Cooperation
Seven of the eight schools (Harvard excluded) participate in the Borrow Direct interlibrary loan program, making the number of 40 million things available to participants by using a wait period of foursome working times. This Sick program is non affiliated using a formal English ivy arrangement. (Harvard holds some other 15 million things around its collection.)

Competition
Common ivy champions come crowned within 33 men's & women's sports. Around a bit of sports, Common Common ivy teams actually compete when members of a second league, a Ivy championship existence decided by isolating a members' records around play against every more. (E.g., a vi league members world health organization participate inside ice hockey do so when members of the ECAC Hockey League; but an Hedera helix champion is extrapolated for each one month.) Unlike totally more Section I personally basketball conferences, the Ivy League has there are no tournament for the league title; a school using the better conference record is the conference in the Section I personally NCAA Basketball Tournament (by owning a a single-game playoff in the pack of a tie).

On the average, from each one English ivy school has other than 35 varsity teams. Completely eight come in the top Xx for total of sports offered for two men & women among Section We schools. Around a bit of sports, notably baseball & lawn tennis, a Ivy League teams likewise oft compete against Army and Navy.

Harvard & Yale come celebrated football and crew rivals. Princeton & Penn come in the main basketball competitor. Cornell & Harvard come hockey contender. Unlike virtually a lot Section I personally athletic conferences, a Ivy League prohibits a granting of athletic scholarships; all scholarships awarded come want-depending (financial aid) [http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/whatisivy/index.asp]. Since no straight-out athletic scholarship program, a schools come occasionally less competitory inside football & basketball, potentially after in comparison universities sustaining comparably rigorous academic standards.

around a instance prior to recruiting for college sports became dominated by victims offering athletic scholarships, the Ivy League was successful in numerous sports relative to more universities in the united states. Particularly, Princeton won Two dozen recognized national championships around college football, and Yale won 19. Two one numbers come well higher than victims of more historically hard software like Notre Dame, which has won 12, and USC, which has won 10. Yale, whose coach Walter Camp was the "Father of American Football," held within to its place when a a lot-period wins leader in college football throughout a entire 20th century, but was eventually passed by Michigan on November 10, 2001.

Although there is no yearn when successful nationally when it it used to be that were around numerous of a supplementary popular college sports, the Ivy League however dominates others. A single such case is rowing. Harvard, for instance, has extrthe National Rowing Championships than any more school inside a united states & go has won a IRA Championships the last troika years in a row (2003, 2004, 2005). A more 7 Common ivy use historically been, & prove my point to exist as, among a top crews in the united states. This excellence dates back to 1852 when students from Harvard & Yale competed in the original Harvard-Yale Regatta, the foremost intercollegiate sporting event in the United States. Exclusively recently develop teams outside of a Ivy League, like the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Washington, gained national titles.

Although a Ivy League is unremarkably repute a cohesive class action from either a outside, there is a considerable total of internal academic competition & competition among its eight members. Among these elect universities, there is a heated competition for students. Around 2002, admissions officers at Princetin logged into a Yale admissions internet site to review the admissions status of cross-applicants, using the list, birthdates, & social security cost indicated on their Princeton applications [http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2002/05/17/news/5201.shtml]. Yale's administration notified a FBI about the actions when conducting its have investigation. Princeton moved 1 admissions official to a different department above a incident & the university's Dean of Admissions retired presently thenceforth.